Trueness of 3D printed partial denture frameworks: build orientations and support structure density parameters

PURPOSE@#The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of build orientations and density of support structures on the trueness of the 3D printed removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks. @*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#A maxillary Kennedy class III and mandibular class I casts were 3D scanned and used to design and produce two 3D virtual models of RPD frameworks. Using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing, 47 RPD frameworks were fabricated at 3 different build orientations (100, 135 and 150-degree angles) and 2 support structure densities. All frameworks were scanned and 3D compared to the original virtual RPD models by metrology software to check 3D deviations quantitatively and qualitatively. The accuracy data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA for build orientation comparison and independent sample t-test for structure density comparison at (α = .05). Points study analysis targeting RPD components and representative color maps were also studied. @*RESULTS@#The build orientation of 135-degree angle of the maxillary frameworks showed the lowest deviation at the clasp arms of tooth 26 of the 135-degree angle group. The mandibular frameworks with 150-degree angle build orientation showed the least deviation at the rest on tooth 44 and the arm of the I-bar clasp of tooth 45. No significant difference was seen between different support structure densities. @*CONCLUSION@#Build orientation had an influence on the accuracy of the frameworks, especially at a 135-degree angle of maxillary design and 150-degree of mandibular design. The difference in the support’s density structure revealed no considerable effect on the accuracy.

Comparison between two types of copper bearing intrauterine device cu375 and cu380ag regarding bleeding pattern: [randomized controlled trial]

Background: The complications of IUDs are abnormal uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, expulsion of the IUD or perforation of the uterus. Due to these complications, 5 to 15 percent of women will stop using the IUD during one year. The most common complication of using IUDs is bleeding that is the cause of 15 to 30 percent of the rejection and exclusion of copper IUDs by the users. Except for progesterone IUDs, all IUDs can lead 50-100 percent increase the amount of menstrual blood than before the insertion

Purpose: To compare between two types of copper IUDs different in shape and size Cu375 and Cu380Ag regarding bleeding pattern

Patients and Methods: This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. The study was conducted at Family Planning Outpatient Clinic at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Ain Shams Maternity Hospital on 220 patients divided into two groups with insignificant differences between two groups as regard age [p-value 0.934]

Results: 110 participants recruited in each group. In group A, drop out after 1month was 6 women and only 70 women had subjective changes in bleeding pattern. After 1year, drop out was 8 women. In group B, drop out after 1month was 4 women and only 79 women had subjective changes in bleeding pattern. After 1year, drop out was 5 women

Conclusion: One of the most common complications of IUD users is bleeding. These complications vary in the different types of IUDs. The results of this study showed that the use of the IUD ML CU 375 causes a significant decrease in the rate of bleeding

Role of MRI in characterization of benign hepatic focal lesions

Background: nowadays, magnetic resonance plays a key role in management of liver lesions, using a radiation-free technique and a safe contrast agent profile. The heightened soft-tissue resolution and sensitivity to intravenous contrast agents provided by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] makes it an invaluable problem-solving tool for fully characterizing focal liver lesions [FLL]. Diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI] sequences have been shown to be an emerging contributor for liver MRI and are being incorporated in most abdominal MR protocols

Aims: To determine the role of MRI in characterization of benign hepatic focal lesions

Patients and methods: This study included 30 patients [11 M, 19 F with mean age of 47.7 years] with benign hepatic focal lesions. They were simple cyst [n =6], hemangioma [n = 11], abscess [n = 4], adenoma [n = 2], focal nodular hyperplasia [n = 3], Hydatid cyst [n=1] and regenerative nodules [n = 3]. They underwent routine MR imaging and diffusion MR weighted imaging using 1.5 tesla MR unit [Philips Achieva]. Diffusion MR imaging was done using spin echo type of single shot echo planar imaging [EPI] with b value of 0, and 800 mm2/sec. The apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] map was reconstructed and ADC value was measured. The mean ADC values correlated with histopathological results as well as followup imaging results

Results: The mean ADC values were significantly different within benign hepatic focal lesions [P < 0.001]. There was highly statically significant relation between cyst and hemangioma [p-value < 0.001], cyst and abscess [p-value <0.001], hemngioma and abscess [p-value < 0.001], while there was no statically significance relation between adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia [p-value < 0.74], adenoma and regenerative nodules [p-value < 0.67] and focal nodular hyperplasia and regenerative nodules [p-value < 0.41]

Conclusions: benign liver lesions are frequently encountered in clinical practice and their characterization may be sometimes difficult. The problem of lesion characterization is mainly crucial and may influence therapeutic decisions and patient's management. The role of imaging is therefore a mainstay and MRI, with its multi parametric potentialities, is a highly accurate method for lesion detection and characterization. Nevertheless, benign lesions may be sometimes "non-typic" in their cellular content and vascular behavior and lesions biopsy can be necessary for definitive characterization

Role of MRCP in the assessment of patients undergoing cholecystectomy

Aim of the work: this study aimed to assess if the Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography [MRCP] in patients undergoing cholecystectomy, changed the treatment plan or changed the operation method

Patients and method: this study was carried out in the Radiology Departments of Ain Shams University Hospitals. A total of 30 patients undergoing cholecystectomy were referred for preoperative MRCP. They were 20 [66.7%] females and 10 [33.3%] males. Their age was ranged from 20-60 years old

Results: Among the 30 cases, 21 cases had dilated common bile duct [CBD], 11 patients had CBD stones, 2 of which were silent, one case had silent CHD stone, one case had Mirizzi type I syndrome, 3 cases had trifurcation of the CHD, 4 cases had cystic duct anatomic variants and one case had duplicated GB

Conclusion: In candidate patients for cholecystectomy, routine preoperative MRCP is mandatory for confirmation of the already known pathologies, detection of other missed pathologies by US as well as detection of anatomical variants of biliary tract, these will help the surgeon for replanning and adjusting the surgical approach to preventing or at least decreasing the probability of post operative complications

Assessment of accuracy of three ultrasound methods for prediction of intrauterine growth restriction

Background: fetal growth restriction [FGR] is one of the most important complications encountered during pregnancy. The growth-restricted fetus is a fetus that fails to reach its growth potential and is at risk for adverse perinatal morbidity and mortality. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists [ACOG] defines an IUGR fetus as a fetus with an estimated weight below the 10th percentile

Objective: the study aimed to assess accuracy of transcerebellar diameter [TCD]/ abdominal circumference [AC] ratio, head circumference [HC]/ abdominal circumference [AC] ratio and hepato-cephalic index [HCI] in predicting intrauterine growth restriction [IUGR] after 20 weeks of gestation in pregnant women at risk of developing IUGR

Materials and Methods: a prospective nested cohort study was conducted on 77 pregnant women at risk for IUGR at Ain-Shams University Maternity hospital. all women were examined by abdominal two-dimensional ultrasound after 20 weeks of gestation to assess the sonographic gestational age [BPD, HC, FL, AC, AFI, degree of placental maturation] in fetuses. The Fetal Liver Length [FLL] and Transcelebellar Diameter [TCD] were measured at the time of the scan. Hepato-cephalic index [HCI] was calculated as Fetal Liver Length [FLL]/ Biparital diameter [BPD]. TCD/AC ratio was calculated by dividing Transcerebellar diameter [TCD] and abdominal circumference [AC]. HC/AC ratio was calculated by dividing Head circumference [HC] and abdominal circumference [AC]. All women were followed up and an abdominal ultrasound was done after 3 weeks to confirm diagnosis of IUGR and the same fetal parameters were measured and documented

Results: in predicting IUGR; TCD/AC and HC/AC have significant excellent diagnostic performance with 95%CI 0.829-1.000 and 0.851-0.974 respectively. HCI has significant moderate diagnostic performance with 95% CI 0.787-0.956. As regards comparison between the three ratios in prediction of IUGR in our study, we found that: TCD/AC with a cut-off value >/=13.77 has the highest diagnostic performance in prediction of IUGR. HC/AC with a cut-off value >/=1.04 has moderate diagnostic characteristics in prediction of IUGR. HCI with a cut-off value

Conclusions: TCD/AC ratio had a better diagnostic validity and accuracy compared to HC/AC and HCI in predicting IUGR

Antifouling evaluation of extracts from Red Sea soft corals against primary biofilm and biofouling

Objectives To evaluate antifouling property of extracts from Red Sea soft corals against primary biofilm and biofouling. Methods Seven species of soft corals Sarcophyton glaucum (a), Sinularia compressa, Sinularia cruciata (a), Heteroxenia fuscescens (a), Sarcophyton glaucum (b), Heteroxenia fuscescens (b) and Sinularia cruciata (b) were chosen to test their extracts as antibacterial and antifouling agents in Eastern Harbour of Alexandria, Mediterranean Sea. Bioactive compounds of soft corals were extracted by using methanol and concentrated under vacuum. The residues of extracts were mixed in formulation of inert paint which consisted of rosin, chlorinated rubber and ferrous oxide against micro and macro fouling organisms. The formulated paints were then applied on PVC panels twice by brush, hanged in a steel frame and immersed in Eastern Harbour of Alexandria Mediterranean Sea followed by visual inspection and photographic recordings. Results After 185 days of immersion in seawater, the antifouling results agreed with the antibacterial results where extracts of Sinularia compressa and Heteroxenia fuscescens (b) gave the best activity against marine fouling tubeworms and barnacles. The inhibition activity was correlated with the major functional groups (hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl, aliphatic (fatty acids), C[dbnd]C of alkene or aromatic rings and C[sbnd]Cl of aryl halides) of the extracts. Conclusions The strong antifouling activity makes them promising candidates for new antifouling additives. After the screening and application of natural organic compounds from soft corals, marine organisms show activity against micro and macro fouling organisms.

Strength training versus chest physical therapy on pulmonary functions in children with Down syndrome

Background: Children with Down syndrome clinically show a diminished activity limit at all ages due to muscle weakness and respiratory problems

Purpose: To compare the effect of strength exercises to lower limb muscles and effect of chest physical therapy treatment program on pulmonary functions in Down syndrome children

Methods: Thirty Down syndrome children of both sexes [24 boys and 6 girls] were selected from outpatient clinic of the National Research Center for motor disabilities in children at Cairo, Egypt. Children were selected to be ranged in age from 10 to 14 years and to be free from any innate heart deformities. They were randomly divided into two groups of equal numbers [group A and group B]. Group [A] received chest physiotherapy, and group [B] received strength training program for hip, knee and ankle muscles by utilizing universal exercise unit 3 times/week for 12 weeks. Ergospirometry system was utilized to evaluate the pulmonary functions [forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximum voluntary ventilation, and peak expiratory flow] that were measured before and after the proposed treatment period

Results: Post treatment results of FVC and PEFR showed a statistically significant difference in each group while no significant difference was recorded between both groups. Post treatment results of FEV1 and MVV showed significant distinction between both groups in favor to group [A]

Conclusion: Strength exercises to lower limb muscles are not effective as chest physical therapy on improving pulmonary functions in children with Down syndrome

Frequency of cholelithiasis in patients with chronic liver disease: a hospital-based study

Background and study aim: Liver Cirrhosis is a strong and a common known risk factor for Cholelithiasis. Cholelithiasis is a multifactorial disease, based on a complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The primary aim of this study is to determine the frequency of cholelithiasis in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients admitted to Zagazig university hospitals. The secondary aim is to determine the risk factors and their association with the underlying etiology and severity of liver disease.Patients and Methods: We conducted a hospital based study including 131 patients with chronic liver disease based on clinical, laboratory and Ultrasonographic findings. Demographic, clinical and etiological data were recorded, using a pre-coded questionnaire. A number of laboratory tests as fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV-Ab) were analyzed.Results: The number of registered cases was 131 with age (52.9±11.7).There were 55 (42%) males and 76 (58%) females. Hepatitis C (HCV) was present in 101 (77%) cases. The prevalence of cholelithiasis was 50.4%% (66 of 131 patients). Most of cholelithiasis patients presented with child C stage (68.2%), followed by child B (21.2%) and the least one was Child A. Hepatitis C (10.6%) was found to be associated with cholelithiasis (75.8%), followed by hepatitis B (13.6%). Auto-immune disease, diabetes mellitus, contraceptive pills and obesity are considered risk factors for cholelithiasis. Conclusion: Cholelithiasis tends to occur more frequently in patients with decompensated CLD. The higher incidence of cholelithiasis in CLD appears to be associated with HCV infection. This is an important parameter to be considered in a country with high prevalence of HCV as Egypt

Irreducible dislocation of the hallucal interphalangeal joint: a rare case report and literature review

A 47-year-old male presented to emergency department with dislocation of hallucal interphalangeal joint of the left great toe. A trial of closed reduction under local anesthesia was attempted but failed. An emergency open reduction of the irreducible dislocation of hallucal interphalangeal joint was done with stabilization by K-wire. We report this unusual case of rare injury and review the relevant literature

Vertebro-basilar dolichoectasia: a rare cause of stroke

We report a case of vertebro-basilar dolichoectasia in a 34 year old male patient who presented with sudden onset of headache, dizziness, diplopia and weakness of the left side of the body

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the eastern mediterranean region [EMRO] 2008-2009: report on behalf of the eastern mediterranean bone marrow transplantation [EMBMT] group

The Eastern Mediterranean Bone Marrow Transplantation [EMBMT] Group has accumulated over 25 years of data and experience in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT], most particularly in he-moglobinopathies, severe aplastic anemia [SAA], and inherited metabolic and immune disorders, in addition to hematologic malignancies peculiar to the region and where recent updates in trends in activities are warranted. To study trends in HSCT activities in the World Health Organization-Eastern Mediterranean [EM] region surveyed by EMBMT between 2008 and 2009. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the survey data, mainly of the cumulative number of transplants, types of transplants [autologous vs. allogeneic], types of conditioning as myeloablative [MAC] vs. reduced intensity conditioning [RIC] and trends in leukemias, hemo-globinopathies, SAA, inherited bone marrow failure syndromes amongst others. Fourteen teams from ten Eastern Mediterranean Region Organization [EMRO] countries reported their data [100% return rate] to the EMBMT for the years 2008-2009 with a total of 2608 first HSCT [1286 in 2008; 1322 in 2009]. Allogeneic HSCT represented the majority [63%] in both years. The main indications for allogeneic HSCT were acute leukemias [732; 44%], bone marrow failure syndromes [331, 20%], hemoglobinopathies [255; 15%] and immune deficiencies [90; 5%]. There was a progressive increase in the proportions of chronic myeloid leukemia [CML] cases transplanted beyond the first chronic phase [3; 7% of all CML cases in 2008 vs 13; 29% in 2009]. The main indications for autologous transplants were plasma cell disorders [345; 36%] Hodgkin disease [256; 27%], non-Hodgkin lymphoma [207; 22%] and solid tumors [83; 9%]. RIC continued to show a progressive increase over the years [7% in 2007, 11% in 2008 and 13% in 2009], yet remained relatively low compared to contemporary practices in Europe published by EBMT. The vast majority [95%] of allo-HSCT sources were from sibling donors with a continued dominance of peripheral blood [PB] [1076; 63%], while cord blood transplant [CBT] increased to 83 [5% of allo-HSCT], matched unrelated donor [MUD] remained underutilized [1; 0%] and there were no haploidentical transplants reported. Large centers with >50 HSCT/year showed a plateau of the total number of allo-HSCT over the last 5 years that may be related to capacity issues and needs further study. There is an overall increased rate of HSCT in the EMRO region with a significant increase in utilization of CBT and allogeneic PB-HSCT as a valuable source. However, further research on outcome data and development of regional donor banks [CB and MUD] may help facilitate future planning to satisfy the regional needs and increase collaboration within the group and globally

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some benzimidazo-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents

Three new series of N-[aryl or heteroarylmethylidene]-2-[1H-1,2,4-triazolo[2,3-a] benzimidazol-2-ylsuljanyl] acetohydrazides [4a-k], N-[alpha-arylethylidene]-2-[1H-1, 2, 4-triazolo[2,3-aJbenzimidazol-2-ylsuljanyl] acetohydrazides [5a-d], and 2-[[[5-[alkyl or aralkylsulfanyl]-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl]sulfanyl]-1 H-1, 2, 4-triazolo[2,3-alpha] benzimidazoles [7a-e] were synthesized. Reaction of compound [1] with methyl bromoacetate afforded [2], which when refluxed with hydrazine hydrate yielded [3]. The latter was condensed with aromatic aldehydes and substituted acetophenones to afford compounds [4a-k] and [5a-d] respectively. Treatment of compound [3] with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide resulted in the formation of [6]. The latter was alkylated with the appropriate alkyl or aralkyl halides to afford compounds [7a-e]. The purity of all new compounds was checked by TLC and elucidation of their structures was confirmed by IR, [1]HNMR, and mass spectrometry along with elemental microanalyses. All the target compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antimicrobial and in-vivo anti-inflammatory activities in comparison with ampicillin, fluconazole, and indomethacin as reference drugs respectively. In addition to molecular docking of compound 5c was performed

Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome: a case report and review of literature

We report a case of spontaneous tumour lysis syndrome [STLS] in a patient with disseminated hormonal refractory cancer prostate. Tumour lysis syndrome [TLS] complicating Non-Hematological malignancy is infrequent and STLS is a very rare occurrence in solid tumor. Clinicians should keep in mind the possibility of STLS in patients with solid tumor and should have the experience to interpret the clinical and laboratory tests to identify it and rapidly initiate its management

Cancer in children at El Obeid Hospital, Western Sudan

Cancers form one of the major causes of death in children. They differ markedly from adult cancers in their nature, distribution and prognosis. To determine the pattern of childhood cancer at El Obeid Hospital, Western Sudan. The records of all patients admitted with cancer aged 15 years and below to the wards of El Obeid Hospital, Western Sudan over two years were studied. The cancers were classified according to the organs affected and then ranked in their order of relative frequency. The mean age, age range, gender and the relative frequency rates were calculated. There were 40 newly diagnosed childhood cancer patients during the study period. Males were 29 patients [72.5%]. The age ranged three months to 14 years. Leukaemias were the most common malignancy in both sexes, followed by bone tumours and then nephroblastoma. Cancers in children were seen at Western Sudan, and cases admitted to hospital only reflect the tip of the iceberg as many cases were directly referred to Oncology Hospitals. Establishment of a local radiation and isotopes centre is needed in this part of the country to provide oncology services and to integrate preventive programs

An Updated Treatment of Complete Cleft Palate: a Retrospective Study

Objective: Complete cleft palate is still considered a complex problem. The proposed plan of management attempts to resolve the problem by adjusting the timing and steps of surgery. Methods: Forty-eight cases of unilateral and bilateral varieties were included in this study. Cases were operated by the author in King Khalid Civilian Hospital in Tabuk.Saudi Arabia and in University Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia, in the period from 1992 up to 2003. The study proposed to close the lip in the first week of life and palate by 7th to 10th month of age. Results: The results were satisfactory regarding closure, aesthetic appearance and speech improvement. Problems in the modified scheme are minor when compared with the classic scheme. Conclusion: Modifying the timing for treatment of complete cleft palate and lip allows early restoration of the normal anatomy of the mouth and face. This promotes normal growth of the facial skeleton and dentition, resulting in normal shape and good speech quality.

Trans-perineal VS. trans-rectal repair of rectocele in obstructed defecation: a prospective randomized trial

To evaluate functional outcome of transperineal [TP] versus transrectal [TR] repair of rectocele presented with obstructed defecation. 48 multiparous females with obstructed defecation due to rectocele were randomly allocated into 3 groups: Group A [16 patients]: TP repair with levatorplasty [LP].Group B [16]: TP repair without LP.Group C [16]: TR repair. The study included defecographic assessment, anal manometry / /[Maximum anal resting pressure [MARP], maximum reflex volume [MRV] and urge to defecate volume [UTDV] and functional score [0 -26]. These were done preoperative and 6 months postoperative. Defecography showed significant reduction in size of rectocele in all groups. Constipation improved significantly in the groups of transperineal but not in transrectal repair. We had significant reduction in MARP, UTDV and MRV only in transperineal approach. Functional score was significantly improved in group A [P<0.001] and B [P<0.001] while the improvement was insignificant in group C. LP significantly improved the overall functional score in group A compared to group B and C [P= 0.032] Rectocele repair improves anorectal function by improving the rectal urge sensitivity. TP repair of rectocele is superior to TR repair in both the structural and functional outcome. Levatorplasty improves functional outcome, but should be avoided in young sexually active females

Adult onset diabetes mellitus in hepatitis C virus infection

There is growing evidence to suggest an association between hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection and diabetes, two common disorders that cause devastating long-term complications in a signficant number of patients. Several reports have found a high prevelance of HCV infection among diabetic patients. Additionally, a high prevelance of diabetes has also been reported in HCV- infected patients in comparison with other liver diseases. On the other hand some authors have not observed an association between HCV infection and diabetes, while others found that diabetes mellitus type 2 occurred with increasing frequency among patients with hepatitis C and this was associated with family history of diabetes mellitus. HCV seropositivity among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is higher than in the general population. Aim of work: Is to study the association between HCV infection and diabetes mellitus. This study included 410 consecutive patients with chronic liver diseases. They were attending the outpatient clinic of the National Hepatol-ogy and Tropical Medicine Research Institute and Aswan Teaching Hospital in the period from May 2004 to July 2005. Their ages ranged from 20-60 years. They were 304 males and 106 females. Patients were classified into 3 groups. Group A consisted of 220 non cirrhotic patients with HCV +ve. Group B consisted of 110 cirrhotic patients with HCV +ve. Group C consisted of 80 patients all are -ve for HCV Ab. Type2 diabetes was diagnosed as a fasting plasma glucose level [7.0mmol/L [126 mg/L] or on treatment with oral hypoglycaemic agents. It was found that distribution of diabetes mellitus between group A and B [HCV +ve] and group C [HCV Ab -ve] were 21.21%, 27.27%, 12.5% in respect order. There were no significant difference between AST levels, ALT level, BMI and diabetes mellitus. we have found an association between diabetes mellitus and HCV infection. It remains to be determined whether an HCV infection leads to diabetes mellitus or vice versa